Clonazepam, commonly known as Klonopin, is a prescription medication used to treat panic disorders, anxiety, and seizures. While clonazepam is generally considered safe when used as directed, the potential for overdose exists, especially if the drug is misused or mixed with other substances.
Overdose Symptoms
The symptoms of clonazepam overdose can vary in severity and may include:
- Extreme drowsiness
- Very slow or shallow breathing
- Difficulty breathing
- Confusion
- Slurred speech
- Dilated pupils
- Fast or slow pulse
- Impaired balance
- Loss of consciousness
If someone has collapsed, stopped breathing, or is unresponsive after taking a high dose of clonazepam, emergency medical attention is immediately necessary.
Risk Factors for Overdose
Several factors can increase the risk of clonazepam overdose, including:
- Introducing clonazepam into a system already containing other depressants, such as alcohol or opioid medications
- Continuously using clonazepam for self-medication
- Increasing the dose without physician approval
- Misusing clonazepam, such as crushing, snorting, or injecting the medication
- Having a history of substance abuse or addiction
Treating an Overdose
In the event of a clonazepam overdose, emergency medical attention should be sought immediately. Clonazepam can be reversed with the medication flumazenil, which blocks the effects of benzos at the GABA receptor site. However, this should only be administered by healthcare professionals in a hospital or treatment center under medical supervision.
Preventing Overdose
Preventing clonazepam overdose can be achieved by adhering to the prescribing guidelines, avoiding the use of other substances that may exacerbate the effects of clonazepam, and maintaining open communication with healthcare providers about all medications being taken, including over-the-counter and recreational drugs.
Inpatient vs. Outpatient Treatment
If someone has overdosed on clonazepam or has a history of substance abuse, inpatient or outpatient drug rehab may be necessary. Inpatient programs offer round-the-clock care and monitoring, while outpatient programs provide a step-down option. Both options may include cognitive-behavioral therapy, family therapy, and individual counseling to help individuals cope with withdrawal and abuse.