Geographic atrophy (GA) is a condition characterized by the gradual deterioration of central vision that occurs due to the death of cells in the retinal macula, the part of the eye essential for clear vision. This process is usually observed as small, blurred spots in the central vision, which gradually get bigger and more numerous as GA progresses. The first sign of geographic atrophy can be difficulty reading small text or objects, especially when viewed in dim light. As the condition worsens, patients may experience a loss of color vibrancy and increased difficulty in recognizing faces. The loss of central vision can dramatically impair activities such as driving, reading, writing, and recognizing people's faces, leading to total or partial blindness in severe cases. GA is a late stage of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which affects nearly ten million Americans and is projected to worsen as the population ages. While there is currently no cure for geographic atrophy, early detection and treatment can help manage the condition and prevent unnecessary blindness. It is crucial for individuals with a family history of AMD or other risk factors to discuss their risk of geographic atrophy with their eye care provider and to seek regular eye exams. There are currently two available treatments for geographic atrophy: pegcetacoplan (Symplyx, now known as Syfovre) and avacincaptad pegol (Izervay). Both treatments aim to slow the progression of geographic atrophy by targeting proteins in the complement pathway that contribute to the disease.
symptoms of ga
