Wolf spiders are a common sight in the Pacific Northwest, where they're often misidentified as brown recluse spiders due to their dark coloration and violin-shaped marking on their cephalothorax. While neither species is dangerous to humans, they can be intimidating to encounter, with reports of people being bitten by non-native brown recluse spiders in Washington state.
Physical Description
Wolf spiders in Washington State typically range in length from 0.4 to 1.2 inches (10 to 30 mm). They have stout bodies and long, shaggy legs, and are typically brown, gray, or black with various patterns and markings. The distinctive eye arrangement, with four small eyes in the front row and four larger eyes in the back row, gives wolves spiders excellentvision. They use this powerful vision to hunt their prey effectively.
Habits and diet
Wolf spiders are nocturnal hunters that primarily feed on insects such as small beetles, moths, and lacewings. They are also known to predate on other small invertebrates like springtails and sow bugs. Like many spiders, wolves spiders use ambush hunting techniques, patiently waiting in hiding until prey passes by before swiftly launching their attacks.
Identification and control
To differentiate between a wolf spider and other species in the region, it's important to observe the physical characteristics of the arachnids. Look for their unique three-row eye arrangement, thick legs, and distinctive body patterns. Identifying infestations can be challenging due to the secretive nature of wolf spiders, which do not construct intricate webs.
Prevention and control are key to keeping wolf spiders out of homes and buildings. Remove potential hiding places, clean up clutter, and seal gaps to prevent entry. Natural predators such as birds and other spiders can also help control wolf spider populations by preying on them.
For severe infestations, contacting a local pest control company or professional pest management team can provide professional assistance in removing spidernet and egg sacs, and controlling populations.
Venom information
The venoms of wolf spiders vary among species, but they generally consist of a complex mixture of proteins and enzymes. While the venoms of brown recluse and black Widow spiders are the most potent, wolf spider venoms are generally considered less harmful to humans. Wolf spider bites usually result in only mild symptoms such as localized pain and inflammation, making them particularly dangerous to pets and young children.
Medical significance
The bite of a brown recluse spider, while rare in Washington State, is a significant health risk due to the possibility of severe necrotic wounds requiring medical attention. On the other hand, wolf spider bites are generally not as dangerous, with the potential for only temporary symptoms.
Resources
For more information on the physical description, habitats, identification, and venom information for wolf spiders in Washington State visit the following resources:
