Receding gums, also known as gingival recession, refers to the process where the gum tissue surrounding the teeth pulls back or erodes, revealing more of the tooth root. This condition can have significant implications for your oral health, including increased sensitivity to hot and cold temperatures, sensitivity to snacks and drinks, and the potential for tooth decay. Receding gums are typically caused by periodontal disease, which is an inflammation of the gum tissues and supporting bones. However, there are other factors that can contribute to receding gums, including genetics, poor oral hygiene, and habits such as aggressive brushing or excessive use of teeth. Below, we'll explore the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for receding gums.
Causes
The most common cause of receding gums is periodontal disease, which is a bacterial infection of the gum tissues and supporting bones. Periodontal disease is brought on by a buildup of plaque and tartar, which can only be removed by professional dental cleaning. If left untreated, the supporting tissue and bone structures of the teeth can be severely damaged, leading to tooth loss.
Genetics can also play a role in the development of receding gums. Studies have shown that individuals with a family history of gum disease may be more susceptible to the condition.
Other factors that can contribute to receding gums include:
- Poor oral hygiene: Inadequate brushing, flossing, and rinsing can lead to an overgrowth of plaque and tartar, which can cause牙龈 recession.
- Aggressive brushing: Brushing your teeth too hard or with a hard-bristled toothbrush can damage the gum tissues and lead to recession.
- Hormonal changes: Fluctuations in female hormones, such as during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause, can make gums more sensitive and vulnerable to recession.
- Tobacco use:烟草 users are more likely to have sticky plaque on their teeth and to have a harder time removing it, which can cause牙龈 recession.
- Grinding and clenching: Clenching or grinding your teeth can place too much pressure on the gums and bone, leading to recession.
- Crooked teeth or misaligned bite: Teeth that do not come together evenly can exert too much force on the gums and bones, causing recession.
- body piercing: Jewelry that rubs against the gums can irritate them and cause recession.
Symptoms
The most common symptoms of receding gums include:
- Tooth sensitivity: You may notice that your teeth feel sensitivity, especially to hot and cold stimuli.
- Teeth looking longer: As the gums recede, your teeth may appear to elongate.
- Gum line notch: You may notice a notch or depression on the gum line where your gums meet the teeth.
- Bleeding: Gums may bleed easily when brushing or flossing.
- Bad breath: Receding gums can contribute to bad breath due to the exposure of the root surfaces.
- Loose teeth: Severe gum recession can lead to the loosening of teeth, particularly in the molars.
Diagnosis
If you suspect that you may have receding gums, it's important to visit your dentist for a thorough examination. Your dentist can assess your gums using a probe to measure the pockets and look for signs of gum disease. Additionally, x-rays may be necessary to determine the extent of damage to your supporting bone.
Treatment
Treatment for receding gums depends on the underlying cause and severity of tissue loss. Some treatments that can be used include:
- Nonsurgical treatments: These may include topical antibiotics, deep cleaning (scaling and root planing), dental bonding, or orthodontics. Nonsurgical treatments are usually the first line of treatment for mild to moderate cases of gum recession.
- Gum graft surgery: If a significant amount of gum tissue needs to be replaced, a gum graft may be necessary. A periodontist will take a small piece of gum from another site in your mouth and use it to cover the exposed tooth root.
- Pinhole surgical technique (PST): PST is a minimally invasive procedure that involves making a small hole in the gum tissue above the exposed tooth root. Your dentist will then stretch and reposition the gum back over the exposed tooth root.
It's important to treat receding gums promptly to prevent further bone loss and to promote the natural reattachment of gum tissue to the tooth. If you're experiencing any symptoms of receding gums, it's advisable to consult your dentist as soon as possible for a diagnosis and treatment plan personalized to your needs.
