What are Palatal Expanders and What Do They Do?
Palatal expanders are orthodontic appliances that are used during orthodontic treatment to help correct a width problem or discrepancy between the upper and lower jaws. They achieve this by gradually separating the two upper jaw bones at the mid-palatal suture, which allows the palate to expand and the upper jaw to catch up with the lower jaw.
Why Would My Child Need a Palate Expander?
Palate expanders are commonly recommended for children who have a narrow upper jaw, a posterior crossbite (back top teeth biting inside the lower teeth), or excessive crowding of the upper teeth. A narrow upper jaw can lead to problems such as拥挤的牙齿、牙齿重叠、牙齿歪斜、阻生齿（未萌出的牙齿被其他牙齿阻挡）以及呼吸困难。通过在适当的时间使用 palate expander，可以帮助避免后期可能需要更复杂的手术。
How Are Palate Expanders Different from Braces?
While palate expanders and braces are both used to correct malocclusions and improve the alignment of teeth, they work differently. Braces are more familiar to patients and consist of metal brackets attached to the teeth, which are then connected by an archwire that applies constant force to move the teeth. Palate expanders, on the other hand, are custom-made devices that fit over several upper teeth and gradually expand the jaw through the pressure applied by a key or screw that turns inside the appliance.
What Are the Different Types of Palate Expanders?
There are several types of palate expanders, each with its own set of characteristics and instructions for use. Some of the most common types include:
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Removable Palate Expanders: These are commonly used for minor adjustments and can be easily removed by the patient for eating and cleaning. They are usually held in place with bands around the back teeth.
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Rapid Palatial Expander (RPE): This type of expander is attached to the upper back teeth and expands the jaw rapidly. It typically widens the jaw by ¼ of a millimeter per turn, requiring several months to achieve the desired expansion.
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Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (SARPE): This procedure involves a more invasive approach, where an oral surgeon places a small incision in the mid-palatal suture to aid in the expansion process. It may be recommended for cases where traditional palate expanders have failed or for adults.
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Hyrax Expander: This type of expander attaches to the front upper teeth with bands and has a middle section that sits over the roof of the mouth. It uses several screw springs to slowly expand the jaw.
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Quad Helix Expander: Similar to the hyrax expander, the quad helix uses four helix springs to expand the upper jaw.
What are the Benefits of Using a Palate Expander?
Some of the benefits of using a palate expander include:
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Improvedbite – It can correct a crossbite and shift the positioning of the upper and lower teeth so that they fit together properly.
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Creating Space – The expansion can create more space for adult teeth that are impacted or crowded, preventing the need for tooth extraction.
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Prevention of Sleep Disorders – By expanding the upper jaw, palate expanders can also help alleviate symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea in some patients.
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Enhanced Aesthetics – A wider smile can improve the overall appearance and self-esteem of patients.
What Age should a Child Start Wearing a Palate Expander?
The American Association of Orthodontists recommends that children start wearing a palate expander at around the age of 7 or 8. By this age, the bones in a child's mouth are still growing and have not yet fused, making them more malleable and easier to shape with a palate expander.
How Long Will a Palate Expander Last?
The lifespan of a palate expander depends on the type of expander and the duration of treatment. In general, they are worn for 3-9 months, although some may need to be kept in longer, such as when a child's facial growth is still developing. Some palates expanders can be adjusted or replaced over time to continue correcting bite issues as the child grows.
Are There Any Risks associated with Palate Expanders?
It is important to note that while palate expanders are generally safe and effective, they can still carry some risks and side effects. Common risks include:
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Discomfort During Treatment – Some patients may experience discomfort or pressure during the expansion process.
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Speech Changes – The position of the tongue with a palate expander in place may cause changes in speech patterns.
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Traumatic Separation of the Midpalatal Suture – Although rare, this is a potential drawback of palate expanders, as it may require a surgical intervention to correct.
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Lack of Cooperation – It is important for patients to follow the instructions provided by their orthodontist and keep up with regular adjustments.
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Bite Opening – This is a potential side effect where the upper and lower teeth may be spaced apart when the mouth is closed due to expansion.
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Relapse – After expiration of the expander, there is a possibility that the palate may shift back to its original position, requiring further adjustments or replacement.
It is important to discuss any concerns with your child's orthodontist before beginning any treatment and to address all questions or concerns related to the palate expander.
When Should I Start Wearing Braces After Wearing Out a Palate Expander?
The decision to start wearing braces after wearing out a palate expander will depend on a number of factors, including the severity of the bite issue, the growth and development of the child, and the overall progress of treatment. Some children may start wearing braces within a few months of ceasing use of their palate expander, while others may require additional time. Your orthodontist will provide guidance on the best time to initiate orthodontic treatment following palette expansion.
Can an Adult Use a Palate Expander?
Yes, adults can utilize palate expanders, but it is important to note that the procedure may be more challenging due to the fusion of the midpalatal suture. Additionally, adults may benefit more from surgically assisted rapid palate expansion (SARPE) rather than traditional palate expanders. Discuss your options with your orthodontist who will advise you based on your individual needs and circumstances.
What to Do If My Palate Expander Comes Loose
If your palate expander comes loose, you should act quickly to push it back into place and avoid eating any foods that could damaging the appliance. Make an emergency appointment with your orthodontist immediately. If the expander comes loose on both sides, it may fall out entirely, requiring your child to remove it and potentially putting them at risk of suffocation. In this case, your orthodontist will remove the loose expander and possibly reposition it or fit a new one.
How Can I Keep My Palate Expander Clean?
Keeping your palate expander clean is crucial to avoid plaque and food accumulation. Regularly brush the appliance and tongue to maintain good oral hygiene. If you have a removable palate expander, you can remove it for cleaning.
What Happens if My Palate Expander Breaks?
If your palate expander breaks, it is important to schedule an appointment with your orthodontist as soon as possible. Broken palate expanders can be expensive to replace, and it is imperative to have the device repaired or replaced immediately. Avoid using the broken expander to bite into anything hard, as this could lead to injury and more extensive dental work.
Where Can I Buy a Palate Expander Key?
You can purchase a palate expander key from your orthodontist's office or from third-party vendors. Your orthodontist will guide you on the right key for your expander and how to properly adjust and care for it.
Conclusion
Palate expanders can be a vital part of correcting malocclusions and improving overall dental health, especially in children. By carefully selecting the right expander and following the instructions of your orthodontist, you can help your child enjoy improved confidence and self-esteem as they achieve a stunning and healthy smile.
