Lewy body dementia (LBD) is a progressive neurological disorder that affects an estimated 1.4 million individuals in the United States alone. Characterized by abnormal protein deposits called Lewy bodies in the brain, this disease can have a profound impact on both patients and their loved ones. Understanding the stages of LBD is essential for caregivers and healthcare professionals to provide appropriate support and care throughout the different phases of this evolving challenge. In this article, we will explore the complexities of LBD and delve into the seven stages that mark its progression.
** stage 1:** No cognitive decline
During the early stages of LBD, individuals may not display cognitive decline or exhibit any noticeable symptoms. However, beneath the surface, the proteins responsible for the disease start to accumulate in the brain, silently laying the foundation for future challenges. Although the structure and functioning of their brain may have started to deteriorate, as the neurons in their brain start to lose connection with other brain cells and die.
** stage 2:** Very mild cognitive decline
At this stage, those with the disease may barely notice symptoms. They may, however, begin to experience some slight signs of dementia, such as forgetfulness, which can make it difficult for them to remember names, simple words, problem solving and locate objects they are familiar with. They will be able to continue with their normal daily activities, as these symptoms are very minor.
** stage 3:** Mild cognitive decline
Stage three represents a more noticeable decline in cognitive function. Memory and concentration problems become more evident, and individuals may struggle with everyday tasks such as managing finances or organizing their schedules. Loved ones and caregivers may observe these changes and become more aware of potential cognitive impairment, leading to seeking professional help and support.
** stage 4:** Moderate cognitive decline
This is the stage at which most patients have confirmed diagnosis, because doctors and specialists can easily detect the cognitive decline. Your loved one will start to exhibit moderate symptoms that will cause disruption to their daily life. The most common symptoms can include choking, difficulty swallowing, aspiration, and excessive drooling. Tremors and forgetfulness become constant, which causes difficulty in performing daily tasksunsupported. Unfortunately, constant supervision becomes necessary at this stage.
** stage 5:** Moderately severe memory loss
Severe symptoms tend to begin around stage 5. This marks the need for a lot of support with daily activities. At this stage, those with Lewy body dementia will experience significant memory loss and will often be constantly confused. They are now likely to need a lot of support in daily life. Other symptoms that your loved one is likely to encounter include fever and high risk of infections and skin diseases. Delusions and hallucinations that can cause them to become paranoid and confused more often. Therefore, support with eating and self-care will become essential for them.
** stage 6:** Severe cognitive decline
During stage six, those with LBD will show severe cognitive decline. They may require a high degree of care, as they may have symptoms such as difficulty remembering the names of their spouse, children, or primary caregivers, lack of awareness regarding all the recent events and experiences in their life, patchy or skewed recollection of their early life, difficulty counting backward or forward to 10, absence of awareness regarding their surroundings and time and place, inability to travel alone without assistance, tend to wander.
The person is also likely to experience emotional and personality changes, such as paranoia , hallucinations, and delusional behavior , such as talking to themselves or believing their caregivers are trying to harm them, obsessive symptoms, such as repeatedly performing cleaning activities, agitation anxiety and even violent behavior , loss of willpower, due to being unable to carry a thought long enough to complete the action.
During this stage, the person is likely to still be able to remember their name , as well as distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar people in their environment. They will probably need assistance with daily living activities and may experience incontinence as well as sleep-related difficulties.
** stage 7:** Very severe cognitive decline
At this final stage, the brain appears to lose its connection to the body and becomes incapable of telling it what to do. The person is likely to progressively lose their motor skills as well as the ability to speak. They may only be able to utter unintelligible sounds or words, if at all. They will need assistance with all personal care tasks such as eating, walking, and using the bathroom. When To Ask for Help People often begin to ask for help when symptoms of LBD become too difficult to manage on their own. However, it's best to reach out soon after a diagnosis so you can receive resources and support.
In conclusion, Lewy body dementia presents a progressive challenge that impacts individuals and their families in various ways. Understanding the stages of this disease is vital in providing appropriate support, care ,and interventions throughout the course of its progression. By adapting strategies and seeking appropriate medical interventions, individuals with LBD can receive comprehensive care that enhances their quality of life, even in the face of this evolving challenge.
