Looking-glass self, also known as the "mirror self," refers to the psychological process where individuals derive their sense of self-worth and personality from the perception of how others perceive them. This concept was first introduced by the American sociologist Charles Horton Cooley in 1902.
The looking-glass self encompasses three main components: the imagination of how one appears to others, the imagination of how others judge one, and the feelings generated from these images. When an individual perceives a positive reflection in the mirror, such as approval from peers or admiration from family, they are likely to experience a greater sense of confidence and self-esteem. On the other hand, if the reflection is negative, such as criticism or disapproval, it can lead to feelings of shame, embarrassment, or insecurity.
One example of the looking-glass self in action is observed in the way children form their self-concept. Children learn to use the looking-glass self to understand their place in the group and how they are perceived by their primary group, such as their family and friends. They use imagined interactions with others to form an identity and develop a sense of self based on the perceptions of others.
The looking-glass self also plays a significant role in social validation. People seek social status and validation through receiving positive feedback from others. This drive for validation can lead to a looking-glass self that is overly sensitive to the perception that one's value is contingent on the perceptions of others., the looking-glass self is a complex psychological phenomenon that influences how individuals form their self-concept and perceive themselves in the eyes of others. It is a fundamental aspect of social identity formation and maintains importance in both social interactions and personal development.