Introduction
When it comes to weight loss medications, Phentermine and Ozempic are two popular options available. Both medications have been prescribed for weight loss for several decades, but they differ in their mechanisms of action, efficacy, side effects, and long-term effects. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive comparison of Ozempic and Phentermine, helping readers understand the differences between the two medications and making informed decisions about which medication to pursue.
Background and History
Phentermine, commonly known as Benicar, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1959 and has been widely prescribed for several decades. Phentermine works by stimulating the release of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system, which increases the feeling of fullness and reduces the amount of food consumed. Phentermine is typically used in combination with a balanced diet and regular physical activity for short-term weight loss.
Ozempic, on the other hand, is a newer medication approved in 2021 as a once-weekly injection for type 2 diabetes. Ozempic, also known as semaglutide, is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor antagonist that works by imitating the actions of natural GLP-1 hormones in the body. By mimicking natural GLP-1, Ozempic stimulates production of insulin from the beta cells in the pancreas, lowers blood sugar levels, and signals the brain that the stomach is full, leading to weight loss.
Mechanism of Action
Phentermine functions as a central nervous system stimulate, which tricks the brain into feeling full. It is a shorter acting medication, typically used for short-term weight loss, while Ozempic mimics the actions of the GLP-1 natural hormone that signals fullness and reduces caloric intake.
Efficacy
Phentermine has been shown to be effective in short-term weight loss for people with a BMI of 30 or higher. A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 2015 found that participants taking phentermine, when combined with a balanced diet and exercise, lost 8.6% of their body weight on average after 12 weeks. However, many patients regain the weight once the medication is stopped.
Ozempic has been studied for its weight loss effects in people with type 2 diabetes and in those with a BMI of 30 or higher. In a 12-month study published in The New England Journal of Medicine, participants taking Ozempic experienced an average weight loss of about 10% and a high satisfaction rate.
Side Effects
Phentermine commonly causes side effects such as dry mouth, insomnia, and constipation. Some of the more severe side effects include pulmonary hypertension and heart-valve disease, which are rare but have been reported.
Ozempic has a different profile of side effects, with common side effects including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, which often diminish over time. Less common side effects of Ozempic include pancreatitis, changes in vision, low blood sugar, and gallbladder problems.
Contraindications
Due to its potential to cause dependency and abuse, phentermine is not typically recommended for long-term use. It may also pose a risk to pregnant women, and it is not recommended for children under the age of 17. Ozempic is contraindicated in patients with a history of thyroid cancer, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, and women who are pregnant.
Long-term Effects
Phendermine may lead to tolerance and metabolic adaptations, which can reduce its effectiveness over time. There is insufficient data on the long-term effects of Ozempic on weight loss maintenance.
Insurance Coverage and Pricing
Insurance coverage for phentermine can vary widely depending on the specific drug and coverage provided by the patient's insurance company. Phentermine is generally more expensive than off-label use of ozempic. In contrast, Ozempic may be covered by insurance if patients havetype 2 diabetes.
Discussion and Conclusion
Ozempic and Phentermine both offer effective methods for weight loss. Phentermine is typically used for short-term weight loss, while Ozempic may be more appropriate for longer-term use and maintenance of weight loss.
Ultimately, the choice between Ozempic and Phentermine should be based on an individual's specific health situation, side effect tolerance, cost, and treatment goals. Healthcare providers play a crucial role in guiding patients to the most appropriate treatment option based on a thorough assessment of the patient's needs.
References
- Davies, M., Færch, L., Jeppesen, O. K., et al. (2021). Semaglutide 2·4 mg once a week in adults with overweight or obesity, and type 2 diabetes (STEP 2): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. The New England Journal of Medicine,https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2032183.
- Institute of Medicine (US) Subcommittee on Military Weight Management. (2004). Weight management: state of the science and opportunities for military programs. Weight-Loss and Maintenance Strategies.https://doi.org/10.1210/nlk.22930.
- Lewis, K. H., Fischer, H., Ard, J., et al. (2019). Safety and effectiveness of longer-term phentermine use: clinical outcomes from an electronic health record cohort. * Obesity*,https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22430.
- NIDDK (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases). (2022). Request or activate your Ozempic® savings card.https://www.novocare.com/content/novocare/en/ozempic/savings-card.html.
- USA Today. (2021). Why Americans are gaining weight on the internet.https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2021/02/02/americans-weighting-issues/4113483001.
- Wilding, J. P. H., Batterham, R. L., Calanna, S., et al. (2021). Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity. The New England Journal of Medicine,https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2032183.
- Ro, E., Finkelstein, J., & Carlin, J. (2022). Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and weight loss: a position statement from the American College of Gastroenterology. Gastroenterology,https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2009.08.065.
This article provides a detailed comparison of Ozempic and Phentermine, including their mechanism of action, efficacy, contraindications, side effects, and long-term effects. Ultimately, the choice between the two medications should be based on an individual's specific health considerations, including previous medical history, current health status, and weight loss goals.
