Galactography, also known as a galactogram or mammary ductography, is an imaging test used to evaluate the internal structure of the breast's milk ducts. It is primarily used to assess nipple discharge, which can be a symptom of various conditions, including fibrocystic breast changes, intraductal papilloma (a non-cancerous tumor within the milk duct), or breast cancer.
The Test Procedure
A galactogram is typically performed on an outpatient basis and involves several steps:
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Preparation: Before the procedure, patients should avoid deodorant or antiperspirant on their armpits and on the breasts. They should also remove any jewelry or clothing that may interfere with the imaging.
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Nipple Cleaning: The area around the nipple is cleaned with a sterile solution to reduce the risk of infection.
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Discharge Identification: The discharge from the nipple may be sampled and evaluated to determine the duct that is leaking.
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Injection of Contrast Material: A thin plastic tube called a catheter is inserted into the leaking duct, and a contrast material is注射 through it. This provides visibility to the inside of the duct.
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X-rays: A mammogram machine is used to take X-rays of the chest and breasts while the contrast material is in place. These images help the radiologist locate the impacted area.
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Post-Procedure Care: After the procedure, patients may be able to return to their normal activities with restrictions on exposure to sunlight and the use of DEET-based insect repellents due to the X-ray contrast.
Why is it Conducted?
Galactography is conducted to assess nipple discharge, which may be a sign of:
- Fibrocystic Changes: Non-cancerous breast tissue growths that can cause breast engorgement and pain.
- Intraductal Papilloma: A small tumor that grows inside the milk duct and can cause bloody or clear nipple discharge.
- Breast Cancer: An abnormal growth that can develop in the milk duct or elsewhere in the breast.
Risks and Side Effects
While galactography is generally considered safe, it does carry a small risk of radiation exposure. The risk is small but should be discussed with the patient before the procedure.
Post-Procedure Instructions
Patients are typically instructed to avoid sun exposure and use DEET-based insect repellents for a specific period after the procedure.
##Galactography is a valuable tool for diagnosing conditions affecting the breast milk ducts. It can help physicians identify the cause of nipple discharge and determine whether a patient requires further investigation or treatment for breast cancer or other conditions.
