shoulder trigger points

Definition:
Trigger points are specific, irritable areas in a muscle that are sensitive to touch and cause referential pain. They are caused by contraction of a taut band of muscles, which results in a reduction in blood flow and a buildup of toxins and excess neurotransmitters in the muscle, leading to muscle stiffness and spasm.

Incidence Rate of Shoulder Trigger Points in China According to to the 2018 Data:
According to the 2018 data, the average incidence rate of shoulder trigger points in China as reported by the 2017 data is approximately 0 cases per 10,000 people. This is a low and stable incidence rate suggesting that the occurrence of trigger points in the shoulder is relatively rare.

Epidemiological Characteristics of Shoulder Trigger Points:

1. Occurrence Location: Trigger points are most common on the upper trapezius muscle, followed by the subacromial space and the anterior part of the upper arm.
2. Age Distribution: The age distribution of shoulder trigger points shows a peak in the age group of middle-aged and young people, with the highest incidence rate occurring in individuals under 30 years of age, indicating a higher incidence rate at a younger age.
3. Sex Ratio: There is no statistically significant difference in the incidence of shoulder trigger points between men and women, indicating that it is a non-gender-specific condition.
4. Occupation Distribution: The majority of patients with shoulder trigger points work in administrative, technical, and sales work, indicating that these professions may put people at higher risk of developing trigger points.

Pathophysiology of Shoulder Trigger Points:

1. Causes: The main causes of shoulder trigger points include improper movement of the upper limbs, such as overexertion and overextension during work, incorrect sitting poses, and prolonged periods of resting in the wrong posture.
2. Mechanism: Upon stimulation of the trigger point, there may be a local twitch response in the affected muscle, which spreads to nearby muscles, resulting in widespread referred pain.

Diagnosis of Shoulder Trigger Points:

1. History Inquiry: Doctors usually begin the diagnosis with a thorough history inquiry to understand the patient's medical history, work conditions, life habits, and previous attacks.
2. Physical Examination: Physical examinations focus on the trigger point site and the surrounding muscles to check for tenderness, muscle tension, and special signs such as the shoulder shrug reflex.
3. Special Imaging Studies: Although there are no specific imaging studies for trigger points, some imaging studies may be conducted to rule out other shoulder diseases that may be misdiagnosed as trigger points.

Treatment Principles for Shoulder Trigger Points:

1. Manual Release Techniques: The main treatment principle is to relax and expand the tight muscles surrounding the trigger point to reduce contracture and spasm by manual methods, including compression, stretching, and digital pressure release.
2. Warmth Application and Ice疗法: Applying warm or cold compresses can be used as auxiliary treatments to stimulate local circulation and reduce swelling and inflammation.
3. Passive and Active Stretching: Stretching exercises can be used to adjust the posture of the upper limbs and relax the tight muscles around the trigger point, with particular attention to the shoulder muscles.
4. **Acupuncture:**针灸是一种补充治疗手段，可以缓解疼痛，但需要在专业人士的操作下使用。
5. Pharmacological Intervention: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and muscle relaxants may be used in the treatment process, but their effects are generally inferior to those of manual release techniques.

Prevention Measures for Shoulder Trigger Points:

1. Preventive Measures: Pay attention to the correct posture and movement of the upper limbs to avoid unnecessary exertion and overextension.
2. Rest and Protection: Avoid excessive activities that put shoulder strain, especially during commutes and work hours.
3. Regular Fitness Training: Strengthening exercises for the shoulder muscles can improve muscle flexibility and reduce the risk of shoulder trigger points.
4. Professional Guidance: Seek professional guidance after the occurrence of shoulder trigger points and avoid misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment.

Please note that for a detailed and personalized analysis of your own case, it is recommended that you consult a healthcare professional or a qualified therapist.