The phrase 'wisdom teeth' has been used since the 17th century to describe the three molars located at the rear of the mouth. They are so named because they become visible in the teenage years to early twenties, by which time many people are considered wise and mature. The term 'wisdom teeth' is also applied to the wisdom acquired during adulthood.
Origins of the Name
The term ' wisdom teeth ' has its origins in classical Greece, where they were known as 'sophronisteres,' which means 'prudent'.
Later, in Roman times, they were named 'dentes sapientiae', which translates to 'teeth of wisdom'. This term was first used in English around the 17th century and continued to be widely used until the mid-19th century, when the term 'Wisdom Teeth' was widely adopted.
Evolution and Modern Needs
Throughout hominin evolution, the human jawbone shrank in size due to changing diets and the emergence of agriculture and tools, rendering wisdom teeth largely unnecessary for modern day bite function. However, for our ancestors, larger jaws and stronger teeth were necessary for cutting tough foods and grinding raw materials.
Modern Impact
With smaller jaws and less space in the mouth, wisdom teeth often protrude abnormally or fail to develop properly, leading to a range of dental problems such as impaction, overcrowding, tooth decay and infection. As a result, wisdom tooth extraction is a common oral surgical procedure in adulthood.
Cultural and Symbolic Meanings
Throughout history, wisdom teeth have held significant cultural significance. They have been linked to wisdom, insight, spiritual growth and good fortune. In many cultures, wisdom teeth have been symbols of maturity and adulthood.
Anatomical and Function
Wisdom teeth typically erupt between the ages of 17 and 25 and have four roots. They function similarly to other teeth in the mouth, assisting in tearing and grinding food during eating.
Prognosis
Many wisdom teeth become impacted or cause dental issues, requiring extraction. However, the absence of wisdom teeth does not necessarily indicate a person's lack of wisdom.
Conclusion
While wisdom teeth were once necessary for our ancestors, their removal is now common practice due to the advancements in dental care and the reduction in the need for tough, coarse foods. Understanding the history and significance of wisdom teeth provides us with valuable insights into the evolution of our species and the changes in our dental needs over time.
