Introduction
The Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (CTONI) is a popular norm-referenced test that uses nonverbal formats to measure general intelligence of children and adults. This test is designed for individuals who may struggle on traditional intelligence tests due to impairments in language or motor abilities. The CTONI-2 is an updated version of the test, collected norms in 2007 and 2008, and incorporates new oral instructions and non-English language support.
Test Structure
The CTONI-2 is composed of six subtests that measure analogical reasoning, categorical classification, andsequential reasoning. These subtests are presented in two different contexts: pictures of familiar objects and geometric designs. The test can be administered individually and takes approximately 1 hour to complete.
Subtests
- Pictorial Analogies: Measures analogical reasoning by comparing pictures of familiar objects.
- Geometric Analogies: Measures analogical reasoning by comparing geometric designs.
- Pictorial Categories: Measures categorical classification by identifying objects in pictures based on their attributes.
- Geometric Categories: Measures categorical classification by identifying geometric shapes.
- Pictorial Sequences: Measures sequential reasoning by identifying patterns in sequences of objects or events.
- Geometric Sequences: Measures sequential reasoning by identifying patterns in sequences of geometric designs.
Benefits
The CTONI-2 offers several benefits over traditional intelligence tests, including:
- Provides a nonverbal assessment that is less sensitive to language and motor impairments.
- Uses familiar and unfamiliar stimuli to reduce anxiety and improve performance.
- Offers new oral instructions for common non-English languages in the United States.
- Incorporates all new normative data collected in 2007 and 2008, providing up-to-date information.
Limitations
While the CTONI-2 is a valuable tool for assessing nonverbal intelligence, it may not be suitable for everyone. Individuals with severe visual impairments may find the test accommodations less effective. Additionally, the test's reliance on pictures for questions may limit its applicability for individuals with visual impairments.
Conclusion
The Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (CTONI) is a reliable and valid tool for assessing nonverbal intelligence in children and adults. Its updated design and new normative data make it a useful resource for professionals and researchers. When used appropriately and in conjunction with other assessment tools, the CTONI-2 can provide a comprehensive view of a person's cognitive abilities.
