ODD and PDA are both complex behaviors that may be seen in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). While they are sometimes used interchangeably, understanding the key differences between them is crucial for effective support and intervention.
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While ODD and PDA both involve a resistance to demands or requests, they are distinct diagnoses with distinct characteristics. ODD, or Oppositional Defiant Disorder, is usually diagnosed in children and can involve patterns of angry, defiant, and vindictive behavior towards authority figures. It is often characterized by behaviors such as arguing, refusing to comply, purposefully annoying others, and blaming others for their mistakes.
Children with ODD may initially seem angry or irritable and may have difficultly at home, at school, or with making and keeping的朋友s. ODD is typically first seen in younger children and may resolve itself, persist, or progress into Conduct Disorder.
ON THE OTHER HAND, PATHOLOGICAL DEMAND AVOIDANCE (PDA) IS A WITHIN THE AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER THAT CAUSES EXTREME AVOIDANCE OF EVERYDAY DEMANDS AND ANXIETY-DRIVEN NEED FOR AUTONOMY. Kids WITH PDA OFTEN HAVE DELAYED DEVELPMENTAL MILESTONES, RESISTANCE OR AVOIDANCE OF EVERYDAY ACTIVITIES, ARE SOCIALLY MANIPULATIVE TO AVOID CERTAIN SITUATIONS, REWARD, PRIZE, CONSEQUENCES MAY HAVE NO EFFECT, AND CAN BE VERY COMFORTABLE IN ROLE-PLAY OR FANTASY PLAY. THEIR BEHAVIORS CAN SEEM LIKE “CAN’T, NOT WON’T”, indicating they are driven by anxiety and have a hard time adapting to changes in routine.
Both conditions can be misdiagnosed或不恰当的给予支持。 Inaccurate diagnoses can lead to children who may thrive with different strategies for support and intervention. It's important to recognize the nuances of their motivations and anxieties and tailor support based on the individual needs of each child.
In summary, while ODD focuses on defiant behavior towards authority figures, the key feature of PDA is a pervasive Avoidance of everyday demands with anxiety driven need for autonomy. It's crucial to distinguish between these two diagnoses to provide appropriately tailored support.
References:
Christie, P. (2012). Understanding Pathological Demand Avoidance Syndrome In Children: A Guide For Parents, Teachers And Other Professionals. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Pondé, M. P., Matos, M. L., & Oliveira, C. C. P. B. de. (2017). Prevalence Of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder And Conduct Disorder In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Brazilian Journal of Medicine and Human Health, 5(2), 39–46.https://doi.org/10.17267/2317-3386bjmhh.v5i2.1199
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