Introduction
Neuroaffirming is a philosophical and therapeutic approach that recognizes and affirms the natural variations in how humans understand and perceive the world. It is built upon the understanding that people's brains develop differently, leading to variations in thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and perceptions. Neuroaffirming is a response to the traditional medical model of disability, which views neurological differences through a lens of deficits and disorders to be treated or cured.
This approach recognizes that not only are there inherent strengths in neurodivergence, but it also acknowledges that some neurotypes can be disabling. Neuroaffirming therapists are trained to recognize and affirm the full experience of neurodivergent individuals, rather than correcting or fixing behaviors simply because they are atypical.
In this article, we will explore the principles of neuroaffirming, its application in healthcare settings, and how to find a neurodiversity-affirming therapist.
What is Neurodivergence?
Neurodivergence refers to the naturally occurring differences and variety in brain functioning and resulting behaviors. While each brain is unique, there is no one definition of "normal." Neurodivergence was developed to reflect the experience of those whose neurodivergence falls outside of social expectations for "typical."
Neurodivergence is often defined as those with neurodevelopmental disabilities as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition: learning disorders, ADHD, autism, intellectual disability, etc. However, Dr. Singer has stated that the term was originally intended to include all brains that diverge from neurotypical standards, including those with any mental health diagnosis.
Neurodivergent people may experience high rates of bullying and abuse due to their differences. Neuroaffirming care should be combined with a trauma-informed approach to acknowledge the unique life experiences of individuals with neurodivergence.
How does Neuroaffirming Practicing Look in Healthcare Settings?
Neuroaffirming practicing in healthcare settings can take many forms, depending on each person's needs and context. It involves accepting and valuing different ways of thinking, learning, and experiencing the world.
At schools, neuroaffirming practices might involve using universal design for learning to benefit all learners, incorporating augmentative and alternative communication, and allowing extra time for tasks or stimming for self-regulation.
In therapy settings, neuroaffirming may mean a therapist growing their understanding of autistic culture, making efforts to bridge the gap in communication between different neurotypes, and avoiding relying on body language or facial expressions to interpret how a client is feeling, instead of listening carefully to what the client says.
In workplaces, neuroaffirming might involve flexible working arrangements, allowing different modes of communication, and low-sensory workspaces.
In public spaces, neuroaffirming may look like providing a "sensory space" for individuals with neurodivergence to take a break and self-regulate if needed, and staff can be trained to recognize, understand, and assist with hidden disabilities.
Why is Finding a Neurodiversity-Affirming Therapist Important?
Finding a neurodiversity-affirming therapist is crucial for individuals with neurodivergence. Traditionally, therapy has not been neurodiversity-affirming, and the medical model of mental health has assumed that neurodivergence is a problem to be fixed. However, many neurodivergent communities have pushed back on this as a default approach to treatment.
A neurodiversity-affirming therapist recognizes that each client is the expert on their own experience and holds space for the good and the bad that come with it. They let neurodivergent communities lead the way in determining the most appropriate language, treatment intervention, and resources rather than telling them what they need based on neurotypical expectations.
Furthermore, a therapist who is not neurodiversity-affirming may push for their client to correct or fix behaviors simply because those behaviors are atypical, even if the behavior is not harmful. A neurodiversity-affirming therapist is aware of the unique impact of trauma on an individual's experience and recognizes that Neurodivergence by itself is not a flaw or illness that needs to be "fixed."
How can I Find a Neurodiversity-Affirming Therapist?
If you are seeking therapy services and want a provider who is affirming of neurodiversity, it is important to research prospective therapists. Unfortunately, a recent study showed that 46% of providers who serve neurodivergent people (including psychotherapists, speech therapists, teachers, and others) are aware of neurodivergence-affirming practices, and 58% overestimated their knowledge and competency in this area.
Prior to scheduling an appointment, you can ask a potential therapist if they consider themselves to be neurodiversity-affirming and what they believe this means or looks like in their practice.
Many therapists who understand the importance of neurodiversity-affirming practice will make a statement about this on their website. In addition, some therapist directories allow providers to indicate this as specialized experience, such as TherapyDen's filter for neurodiversity-affirming therapists or Inclusive Therapists' filter for therapists specializing in neurodivergence.
Even if a therapist is neurodiversity-affirming, it is okay to change providers if their approach, personality, or training are not a good fit for your unique needs. As with all types of therapy, you might have to try out multiple providers before finding the right fit for you.
##Neuroaffirming is a powerful approach to recognize and affirm the natural variations in how humans understand and experience the world. It is important for individuals with neurodivergence to have access to a therapist who recognizes and affirms their unique experience. By researching and finding a neurodiversity-affirming therapist, individuals can experiences the support they need to thrive.
Amy Marschall, PsyD, is an autistic clinical psychologist with ADHD. She is certified in TF-CBT and telemental health and is passionate about working with individuals with neurodivergence.
