Introduction
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection caused by an imbalance of bacteria in the vagina. While most cases ofBV do not cause symptoms, some women may experience a range of discomfort and pain, including vaginal itching, discharge, and burning during urination. While BV itself is not a sexually transmitted infection (STI), it is associated with an increased risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs).
The Connection BetweenBV and UTIs
It has been known for some time that women with bacterial vaginosis are at an increased risk of developing a urinary tract infection. Research has shown that a specific type of vaginal bacteria called Gardnerella vaginalis, which is often associated withBV, can also causeUrinary Tract Infection in mice. This suggests that BV may facilitate the ascent of gut bacteria, including E. coli, into the bladder, which can lead to a UTI.
Risk Factors for Developing BV and UTIs
Women with multiple sexual partners, recent douching, and using vaginal deodorants are at an increased risk of developing BV. Additionally, factors such as sexual activity, pregnancy, and menopausal changes can increase the risk of developing a UTI.
Symptoms of BV and UTIs
Symptoms of bacterial vaginosis may include an odorless, grayish-white vaginal discharge, itching, and burning in the external genital area. Symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI) may include frequent, urgent, or painful urination, as well as dysuria (burning with urination).
Diagnosis and Treatment
It is important to see a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis of both BV and UTIs. Treatment may include antibiotics for BV and antibiotics forUTIs, depending on the causative organism(s). In some cases, treatment with probiotics or vaginal creams may be recommended. Recurrence of BV orUTIs is common, so maintaining good hygiene practices and proper treatment is key to preventing repeat infections.
