a blood patch is a medical technique in which a small amount of a patient's own blood is harvested and subsequently reinjected into the epidural space to repair a dural leakage, typically caused by lumbar puncture or spinal anesthesia. although blood patches are generally considered safe and effective for treating chronic post-dural puncture headache (PDPH), several side effects may occur, some of which may have long-term consequences.
Long-term Side Effects
Hearing Loss
hearing loss is one of the most common long-term side effects of a blood patch. studies have shown that in up to 2% of patients, the procedure may lead to a persistent increase in sensorineural hearing loss. this hearing loss can be unilateral or bilateral and may even progress over time.
Nausea and Vomiting
nausea and vomiting are common side effects of the procedure, and in some instances, these symptoms may persist for an extended period. while most people recover completely, in rare cases, these symptoms may become chronic.
Back Pain
back pain is another common long-term side effect of blood patches.研究表明, blood patches may increase the risk of Developing chronic back pain in up to 5% of patients. this back pain can range from mild to severe and may be localized to the area affected by the procedure or radiate down the leg.
Weakness and Leg Paraesthesia
weakness and leg paraesthesia are potential long-term side effects of blood patches. these sensory problems may occur immediately after the procedure but can also persist for an extended period. in some cases, these symptoms may become permanent.
Paraesthesia of the Periorbital Region
paraesthesia of the periorbital region, which refers to sensations in the area around the eyes, may also occur as a long-term side effect of blood patches. these sensory changes can be distressing and may even affect vision.
Recurring Headache
while most blood patches successfully treat post-dural puncture headache within a few weeks, some patients may continue to experience chronic headaches after the procedure. this may be caused by ongoing leakage from the dural puncture or by sensitization of the tissues in the epidural space.
##despite the generally effective treatment of chronic post-dural puncture headache, blood patches are not without side effects. some of these side effects may have long-term consequences, ranging from hearing loss and back pain to more serious conditions such as nerve damage. therefore, patients should be informed about both the immediate and long-term potential side effects of blood patches and discuss their specific risks with their healthcare provider prior to undergoing the procedure.
Take away
- blood patches are a safe and effective treatment for post-dural puncture headache
- common long-term side effects include hearing loss, nausea and vomiting, back pain, weakness and leg paraesthesia, paraesthesia of the periorbital region, and recurring headache
- patients should be aware of these potential side effects and discuss their specific risks with their healthcare provider before undergoing a blood patch
