The ABC Model of Crisis Intervention is a structured and evidence-based approach to addressing individuals who are experiencing a psychological crisis. This model was developed by emergency clinicians and researchers to provide a framework that can be easily adapted to various crisis situations. The model consists of three distinct steps: A (Establishing a Relationship), B (Understanding the Problem), and C (Taking Action).
Establishing a Relationship
The first step in the ABC model is to establish a relationship with the individual in crisis. This is achieved by creating physical and emotional safety. Ensuring that there are no obstacles between you and the person is an important aspect of this step. Solid eye contact, orienting your body towards the person, and keeping your arms uncrossed and legs open are all physical ways to establish rapport. Emotionally, you can create safety and comfort by listening and silence, using diversionary tactics to guide the person to express their thoughts and feelings, and silence can also be an effective strategy to allow space for the person to calm down and self-reflect.
Understanding the Problem
The next step is to understand the problem that led to the crisis. This involves asking open and closed-ended questions to gain a clearer picture of the challenges the person is facing. It's important to note that自杀意念往往是多个事件累积导致的，因此在这个阶段不要假设该人没有自杀的念头。此外，自杀意念可能源于多种事件，不同的人可能会有不同的应对策略。
Taking Action
Once you have a good understanding of the problem, it's time to take action. Depending on the risk level of the person, different approaches may be appropriate. For low-risk individuals, practical referrals and building support networks can be Effective. High-risk individuals, however, may need immediate and direct interventions. This may involve connecting the person with community resources, practicing safety plans, or referring them to emergency services.
The ABC model of crisis intervention is not only straightforward but also flexible, allowing crisis workers to adjust the approach based on the unique needs and circumstances of each individual crisis. By using this model, professionals can provide timely and effective support to individuals in crisis and facilitate their stable reIntegration into society.
