Lower crossed syndrome (LCS) is a common postural condition that primarily affects the pelvis, hip joints, and lower back muscles. It is characterized by specific patterns of muscle weakness and tightness that cross between the dorsal (anterior) and ventral (posterior) sides of the body. In LCS, there is often overactivity and tightness of the hip flexors and lumbar extensors on the anterior side, as well as underactivity and weakness of the deep abdominal muscles on the ventral side and the gluteal muscles on the dorsal side.
Key features of LCS include:
- Pelvic Tilt: There is an increased anterior tilt of the pelvis, often associated with increased lumbar lordosis (curvature of the lower back).
- Hip Flexion: There is increased hip flexion, along with a slightly flexed position of the hips.
- Hyperlordosis: There is a compensatory increase in lumbar lordosis, meaning the lower back arches excessively.
- Muscle Strength Imbalances: The muscles of the lower extremity show weakness and are easily fatigued, while the muscles of the upper extremity are often stronger.
- Weakness in Deep Abdominal Muscles: The deep abdominal muscles, located on the ventral side of the body, are underactive and weakened.
- Weak Gluteal Muscles: The gluteal muscles, particularly the gluteus maximus and medius, are unable to provide adequate support due to their weakness.
- Hamstring Tightness: The hamstrings are often tight and overactive, which can contribute to the anterior tilt of the pelvis.
- Piriformis Syndrome: The piriformis muscle can become tight and cause refers pain in the low back, often misdiagnosed as lower crossed syndrome.
- Range of Motion Limitations: The affected muscles exhibit limited range of motion, making it difficult for the body to move freely.
- Postural Changes: LCS can lead to changes in posture, including increased kyphosis (rounding of the thoracic spine) and increased lordosis (arching of the lumbar spine).
These clinical features can make it challenging for individuals to perform activities of daily living and can contribute to chronic back pain. LCS is often associated with sedentary lifestyles and prolonged periods of walking or sitting. It is important to address these muscle imbalances through appropriate exercise and physical therapy to prevent further complications and promote better health.
In the next section, we will discuss the causes, diagnosis, and treatment options available for lower crossed syndrome.
